In this article we are going to learn about ACS of the extremities.
Definition
ACS in extremities is a condition where there is rising in pressure inside closed fascial space within extremities resulting in poor tissue perfusion. Human extremities consist of several rooms (compartment) that divided by strong fascial membranes. In these membranes there are many anatomical structures that working together to create a functional working unit of extremity such as muscles, nerves, blood vessels. Sadly, these membranes are not elastic enough to accommodates rise in component volume. In event of rising in any component volume (e.g. muscle oedema), it causes compression effect on another component and one of the most vulnerable ones is nerves and blood vessels. The first and the most important marking of symptoms are pain out of proportion where a little movement can trigger excruciating pain. Other classic signs include pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis. Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention through fasciotomy are crucial to prevent permanent tissue damage.
Epidemiology
ACS commonly happened in male population.